Adrenal Insufficiency & Addison's Disease

Addison's disease diagnosis starts with a routine physical examination and review of your medical history. Your doctor will also ask you about your symptoms.

After the examination, your doctor may recommend some tests. Addison's disease is diagnosed by measuring cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and aldosterone levels. These tests may be done at the same time or separately.

Addison's disease tests:

Blood test — A blood test will identify the levels of hormones in your body. Your doctor will use the Addison's Disease blood test results to recommend the best treatment for your unique condition.

ACTH stimulation test — The ACTH stimulation test is a blood test that measures cortisol levels.

Aldosterone suppression test — The aldosterone suppression test is another blood test that evaluates how well the body manages salt and water balance. This balance is sometimes affected in patients with Addison's disease.

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia test — The insulin-induced hypoglycemia test is a blood test that evaluates how the body manages sugar levels in response to insulin. This also allows your doctor to measure your cortisol levels.

Imaging tests — Imaging tests such as X-rays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT) will allow your doctor to examine your adrenal and pituitary glands for abnormalities

Addison's Disease cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Surgery is also sometimes required.

Addison’s Disease treatment options:

Medications — Immediately following diagnosis, your doctor will prescribe medications to replace the missing hormones. Sodium supplementation is often necessary for the treatment of Addison's Disease. In some cases, doctors recommend a medication to stimulate red blood cells due to chronic adrenal insufficiency.

Lifestyle — Your doctor may suggest that you engage in moderate physical exercise or change your diet as part of your treatment plan.

Surgery — If a tumor or growth caused your condition, your doctor may perform surgery to remove the tumor.